Review of underground hydrogen storage: Concepts and challenges

The energy transition is the pathway to transform global economy away from its current dependence on fossil fuels towards net zero carbon emissions. This requires rapid and large-scale deployment of renewable energy. However, most renewables, such as wind solar, are intermittent hence generation demand do not necessarily match. One way overcome this problem use excess power generate hydrogen by electrolysis, which used an store, then consumed in fuel cells, or burnt generators boilers demand, much presently done with natural gas, but Using necessitates storage: practical manner deep underground salt caverns, porous rock, currently implemented for gas dioxide. paper reviews concepts, challenges storage. As well summarizing state-of-the-art, reference proposed storage projects, suggestions made future work gaps our understanding highlighted. role methods described detail. Hydrogen flow fate subsurface reviewed, emphasizing unique compared other types In addition, site selection criteria considered light field experience. Cited as: Hematpur, H., Abdollahi, R., Rostami, S., Haghighi, M., Blunt, M. J. Review Concepts challenges. Advances Geo-Energy Research, 2023, 7(2): 111-131. https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2023.02.05